Red Thread is a very common fungal disease of turf within the UK. It is not usually harmful and usually causes no permanent damage, but it can be unsightly. Low nitrogen fertility encourages Red Thread, so a proper fertiliser regime will help to prevent this condition

Grey snow mould is identified by a grey web like structure called Mycelia which can only be seen if the turf is wet. The grey snow mould fungus sometimes produces sclerotia which are hard, small bodies that protect the fungus from drought and heat. These are only found after 3-5 months of cool wet weather, but sometimes they do not form at all

Microscopic bacteria decompose the dead and dying tissue once the turf has been laid. They emerge in a flush of growth and may persist for a few weeks at most, then disappear. Occasionally a second brief outbreak may occur, possibly during the next period of warm moist weather. Simply mow the grass to remove the mushrooms

The most common cause of brown patches in turf is the damage caused by female dog urine, which leaves circular patches with bright green margins on lawns to which dogs have access. Watering the affected areas immediately can help to reduce the problem, but there is no specific remedy with the exception of keeping the dogs off the area.

Leather jacket grubs are about 25mm long and have a grey/brown leathery skin. They are sensitive to drying and do not survive if they are dried out by the sun. Damage to lawns occurs from winter to summer, but is most severe in the spring/early summer when the leatherjackets are fully grown.

A Fairy ring begins when a fungus starts growing in your turf. While the causes are not clear, grass that has a thatch layer and is growing on natural soils that receive ample moisture will develop fairy rings. When you have a fairy ring in your turf you can fertilise your grass to reduce the appearance of the fairy ring, aerate your grass to allow water to reach the grass roots in the fairy ring